Components Of Computer

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept data,process data into useful information and store it for later use.A computer consists to hardware and software.The machine is known as hardware.The programs are called software.A computer system requires different device to perform the functions of input,processing,out and storage.These component are as follows :-

1.0 Component of computer

Input Device

The data that is given to the computer is called input.Input device are used to input data and instructions into the computer.These devices send this data to the processing unit.Most  commonly used input device are keyboard and mouse.

Keyboard

Mouse

Processing Device

The processor is used to process data.It is also called central processing unit(CPU).It is the brain of the computer.It consists of electronic circuit.CPU interprets and executes program instructions.All computer must have a central processing unit.

Main memory is used to store the input data before processing.It also stores processed data after processing until the data is sent to the output device.The main memory is closely connected to CPU but it is separate from it.

Output Device

The data processed into useful information is called output.Output device are used to display the result of processing.The most common output devices are monitor and printer.

Monitor

Printer

Storage Device

Storage device refers to the secondary storage.the main memory stores data and programs temporarily.The secondary storage is required to store data,information and programs permanently.The most common storage device are pendrive,floppy disk,hard disk drive and CD-ROM.

Pendrive

Floppy disk

Hard disk drive

CD-ROM

Computer Generation Part 2

Third Generation

(1964-1971)

Integrated circuits

The development of the integrated circuit was the point of the third generation of computer.Transistor were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips,called semiconductors,which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Users interacted with third generation computer through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system,which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory.Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

3.0 Third generation

3.1 Example computer

Fourth Generation

(1971-Present)

Microprocessors

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computer,as thousands of integrated circuits werw built onto a single silicon chip.What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.The Intel 4004 chip,developed in 1971,located all the components of the computer-from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls-on a single chip.

In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user,and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors.As these small computers became more powerful,they could be linked together to form network,which eventually led to the development of the Internet.Fourth generation computer also saw the development of GUIs,the mouse and handheld devices.

4.0 Example computer for 4th generation

4.1 Small and more powerful

4.2 IBM produce

Fifth Generation

(Present and Beyond)

Artificial Intelligence

Fifth generation computing device,based on artificial intelligence,are still in development,though there are some applications,such as voice recognition,that are being used today.The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

computer generation

Computer are tools used to process the data according to procedures that have been formulated.Broadly,the computer can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components.The basic computer component are included:Screen Monitor,Central Processor Unit(CPU),Keyboard and Mouse.Today,computers are becoming more sophisticated.However before,the computer is nit as small,sophisticated and light as now.In the history of computer,there are 5 generations of computer history.

First Generation

(1940-1956)

Vacuum Tubes

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory,and were often enormous,taking up entire rooms.They were very expensive to operate and using a big amount of electricity,generated alot of heat,which was often the cause of malfunctions,.

First generation computers relied on machine langguage,the lowest-level programming language understood by computer,to perform operations,and they could only solve one problem at a time.Input was based on punched cards and paper tape,and output was displayed on printouts.The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client,the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

1.0 Vacuum tubes

1.1 example ENIAC computer

1.2 women that use ENIAC computer

Second Generation

(1956-1963)

Transistor

Transistor replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computer until the late 1950s.The transistor allow computer to become smaller,faster,cheaper,more energy-efficient and more reliable than thier first-generation computer.Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printout for output.

Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to simbolic,or assembly,language,which allowed programmers to specify intruction in words.High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time,such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.

2.0 computer transistor

2.1 Men that use computer 2nd generation

2.1 Generation 2